منابع مشابه
Group Reciprocity Group Reciprocity
People exhibit group reciprocity when they retaliate, not against the person who harmed them, but against somebody else in that person's group. Group reciprocity may be a key motivation behind intergroup conflict. We investigated group reciprocity in a laboratory experiment. After a group identity manipulation, subjects played a Prisoner's Dilemma with others from different groups. Subjects the...
متن کاملIndirect reciprocity with trinary reputations
Indirect reciprocity is a reputation-based mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations when individuals do not repeatedly meet. The conditions under which cooperation based on indirect reciprocity occurs have been examined in great details. Most previous theoretical analysis assumed for mathematical tractability that an individual possesses a binary reputation value, i.e., good or ba...
متن کاملIndirect reciprocity with optional interactions.
Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation that is relevant for prosocial behavior among humans. Indirect reciprocity means that my behavior towards you also depends on what you have done to others. Indirect reciprocity is associated with the evolution of social intelligence and human language. Most approaches to indirect reciprocity assume obligatory interactions, but...
متن کاملVariational Principle, Uniqueness and Reciprocity Theorems in Porous Piezothermoelastic with Mass Diffusion
The basic governing equations in anisotropic elastic material under the effect of porous piezothermoelastic are presented. Biot [1], Lord & Shulman [4] and Sherief et al. [5] theories are used to develop the basic equations for porous piezothermoelastic with mass diffusion material. The variational principle, uniqueness theorem and theorem of reciprocity in this model are established under the ...
متن کاملUnderstanding Reciprocity∗
This paper surveys the evolutionary game theoretic literature on reciprocity in human interactions, dealing both with long-term relationships and with sporadic interactions. Four basic themes, repetition, commitment, assortation, and parochialism, appear repeatedly throughout the literature. Repetition can give rise to the evolution of behavior that exhibits reciprocity-like features but a vast...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Political Economy
سال: 1907
ISSN: 0022-3808,1537-534X
DOI: 10.1086/251327